Thomisidae: Xysticus

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1
Males

  2  

- Females

  22  

2
(1)
Median bulbal apophysis T-shaped; ventral tibial apophysis broadly truncated

  3  

- Different

  5  

3
(2)

world

add

cp

Tip of embolus broad, flanked by 2 wing-like structures which are transparent distally

Xysticus macedonicus Silhavy, 1944

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
male Tip of embolus
(Jantscher 2001b)
- Embolic tip different

  4  

4
(3)

world

add

cp

Basal part of T-shaped bulbal apophysis longer than wide

Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757)

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Maurer 1975)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Palmgren 1983)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Azheganova 1968)
speciesimage
male Tip of embolus
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
male Tip of embolus
(Palmgren 1983)
-

world

add

cp

Basal part of T-shaped bulbal apophysis ± as long as wide

Xysticus audax (Schrank, 1803)

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ono 1988)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Ono 1988)
speciesimage
male Tip of embolus
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
Habitus
(Ono 1988)
5
(2)
At least one bulbal apophysis robust, transverse to longitudinal bulbal axis, approx. 1/2 of bulbus width

  6  

- Different

  11  

6
(5)

world

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cp

Median bulbal apophysis with 2 tips, arranged rectangularly

Xysticus luctator L. Koch, 1870

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
- Different

  7  

7
(6)

world

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cp

Both bulbal apophyses ± parallel and equal in length, pointed

Xysticus bifasciatus C. L. Koch, 1837

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Azheganova 1968)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
- Bulbal apophysis different

  8  

8
(7)
Bulbus with two transverse apophysis

  9  

- Bulbus with one transverse apophysis

  10  

9
(8)

world

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cp

Bulbal apophysis slightly bent toward each other, pliers-like

Xysticus kochi Thorell, 1872

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Embolus
(Jantscher 2001a)
-

world

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cp

One bulbal apophysis hammer-shaped

Xysticus obscurus Collett, 1877

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Thaler & Knoflach 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Thaler & Knoflach 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
10
(8)

world

add

cp

Bulbal apophysis as fig.

Xysticus erraticus (Blackwall, 1834)

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Tip of embolus
(Jantscher 2001a)
-

world

add

cp

Both bulbal apophyses pointing in opposite direction

Xysticus viduus Kulczyński, 1898

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Miller & Zitnanska 1976)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Thaler & Knoflach 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Miller & Zitnanska 1976)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Azheganova 1968)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Thaler & Knoflach 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
11
(5)
Bulbus medially with 2 short, robust apophyses, directing pliers-like toward each other

  12  

- Bulbus without such apophysis

  13  

12
(11)

world

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cp

Both pliers-like apophyses bent

Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1831)

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Azheganova 1968)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
Habitus
(Azheganova 1968)
-

world

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cp

Only one of these apophyses bent

Xysticus lanio C. L. Koch, 1835

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Lamella characteristica
(Braendegaard 1972a)
13
(11)

world

add

cp

Tip of embolus strikingly broad and with transverse folds

Xysticus striatipes L. Koch, 1870

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Azheganova 1968)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Embolus
(Jantscher 2001a)
- Different

  14  

14
(13)
Lateral tibial apophysis with pointed ending

  15  

- Lateral tibial apophysis rounded

  19  

15
(14)

world

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cp

Tip of lateral tibial apophysis strikingly narrow and elongated

Xysticus lineatus (Westring, 1851)

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Maurer 1975)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
- Different

  16  

16
(15)
Lateral tibial apophysis ± triangular

  17  

- Lateral tibial apophysis with ± parallel sides

  18  

17
(16)

world

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cp

Ventral tibial apophysis with 2 distinctly separated processes

Xysticus kempeleni Thorell, 1872

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini 2000)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Embolus
(Jantscher 2001a)
-

world

add

cp

The two processes of ventral tibial apophysis basally merged

Xysticus luctuosus (Blackwall, 1836)

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(van Helsdingen 1986a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Embolus
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Tibial apophysis
(van Helsdingen 1986a)
18
(16)

world

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cp

Tip of lateral tibial apophysis directing ventrally; ventral tibial apophysis small

Xysticus acerbus Thorell, 1872

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(van Helsdingen 1986a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Palpal tibia
(Locket & Millidge 1953)
speciesimage
male Tibial apophysis
(van Helsdingen 1986a)
-

world

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cp

Tip of lateral tibial apophysis directing dorsally; ventral tibial apophysis large and with several processes

Xysticus robustus (Hahn, 1832)

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Embolus
(Jantscher 2001a)
19
(14)
Cymbial process strikingly broad basally or bent

  20  

- Cymbial process small

  21  

20
(19)

world

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cp

Cymbial process basally broad; tip of embolus thin, distally twisted

Xysticus bonneti Denis, 1938

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
-

world

add

cp

Cymbial process S-like bent; tip of embolus broad

Xysticus secedens L. Koch, 1876

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Thaler 1981c)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Thaler 1981c)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
21
(19)

world

add

cp

Lateral tibial apophysis basally wider than distally; tip of embolus bent

Xysticus sabulosus (Hahn, 1832)

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Thaler 1981c)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Thaler 1981c)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Embolus
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Tibial apophysis
(Braendegaard 1972a)
-

world

add

cp

Lateral tibial apophysis with approx. parallel sides; tip of embolus straight

Xysticus ninnii Thorell, 1872

female

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
22
(1)
Epigyne with two grooves which are distinctly separated

  33  

- Epigyne with one groove

  23  

23
(22)
Distance between epigastric furrow and posterior margin of epigynal groove smaller or equal one diameter of epigynal groove

  24  

- Distance between epigastric furrow and posterior margin of epigynal groove 1.5-2 diameters of epigynal grooves

  31  

24
(23)
Epigynal groove medially indented on anterior margin

  25  

- Different

  26  

25
(24)

world

add

cp

Epigyne as fig.

Xysticus ninnii Thorell, 1872

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Pesarini 2000)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Azheganova 1968)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
-

world

add

cp

Epigyne as fig.

Xysticus viduus Kulczyński, 1898

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Miller & Zitnanska 1976)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Miller & Zitnanska 1976)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Thaler & Knoflach 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Thaler & Knoflach 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Miller & Zitnanska 1976)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Azheganova 1968)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
26
(24)

world

add

cp

Epigynal groove posteriorly distinctly narrower than anteriorly

Xysticus luctuosus (Blackwall, 1836)

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(van Helsdingen 1986a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
- Different

  27  

27
(26)
Epigynal groove ± quadrangular or triangular

  28  

- Epigynal groove roundish

  30  

28
(27)

world

add

cp

Epigynal groove ± triangular, particularly laterally bordered by robust chitinous wall

Xysticus bonneti Denis, 1938

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
- Epigynal groove ± quadrangular

  29  

29
(28)

world

add

cp

Epigynal groove longish, ± quadrangular, anteriorly bordered by broad chitinous wall

Xysticus lineatus (Westring, 1851)

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Maurer 1975)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne (holotype)
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
-

world

add

cp

Epigynal groove quadratic to roundish

Xysticus obscurus Collett, 1877

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Thaler & Knoflach 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Thaler & Knoflach 1995)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
30
(27)

world

add

cp

All sides of epigynal groove distinctly bordered

Xysticus acerbus Thorell, 1872

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Locket et al. 1974)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(van Helsdingen 1986a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
-

world

add

cp

Epigynal groove indistinctly bordered anteriorly

Xysticus sabulosus (Hahn, 1832)

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
31
(23)

world

add

cp

Basic shape of epigyne roundish

Xysticus bifasciatus C. L. Koch, 1837

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
- Basic shape of epigyne rhombic/trapezoid

  32  

32
(31)

world

add

cp

Epigynal groove laterally indented; vulva as fig.

Xysticus erraticus (Blackwall, 1834)

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
-

world

add

cp

Epigynal groove laterally not indented; vulva as fig.

Xysticus robustus (Hahn, 1832)

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
33
(22)

world

add

cp

Epigyne ± quadrangular with rounded corners; margins of bar between the two epigynal grooves anteriorly diverging

Xysticus kempeleni Thorell, 1872

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Pesarini 2000)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Azheganova 1968)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
- Different

  34  

34
(33)

world

add

cp

Bar between the two epigynal grooves distinctly wider than width of one epigynal groove

Xysticus luctator L. Koch, 1870

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Locket et al. 1974)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
- Different

  35  

35
(34)
Epigyne anteriorly with broad, semicircular chitinous wall

  36  

- Different

  37  

36
(35)

world

add

cp

Width of bar between the two epigynal grooves approx. width of epigynal groove

Xysticus striatipes L. Koch, 1870

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Azheganova 1968)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
-

world

add

cp

Width of bar between the two epigynal grooves approx. 1/2 width of epigynal groove

Xysticus kochi Thorell, 1872

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
37
(35)

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cp

Inner margins of epigynal groove strongly sclerotised medially

Xysticus audax (Schrank, 1803)

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Ono 1988)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Ono 1988)
speciesimage
female Vulva, ventral view
(Palmgren 1983)
speciesimage
female Habitus
(Ono 1988)
speciesimage
Habitus
(Ono 1988)
- Different

  38  

38
(37)
Epigynal region all in all more strongly sclerotised and ± roundish

  39  

-

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cp

Epigynal region only at outer sides of epigynal grooves more strongly sclerotised, so that it consists of two separated parts

Xysticus secedens L. Koch, 1876

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Thaler 1981c)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Thaler 1981c)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
39
(38)

world

add

cp

Bar between the epigynal grooves ± as wide as one epigynal groove

Xysticus lanio C. L. Koch, 1835

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
- Bar between epigynal grooves distinctly narrower than one epigynal groove

  40  

40
(39)

world

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cp

Epigyne and vulva as fig.

Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1831)

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Azheganova 1968)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
- Different

  41  

41
(40)

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cp

Posterior margin of epigynal grooves distinctly sclerotised; Vulva as fig.

Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757)

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Vilbaste & Eesti Ämblikud 1969)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Braendegaard 1972a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jäger 1995a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Azheganova 1968)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jäger 1995a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Vilbaste & Eesti Ämblikud 1969)
speciesimage
female Vulva, ventral view
(Palmgren 1983)
speciesimage
female Habitus
(Braendegaard 1972a)
-

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cp

Posterior margin of epigynal grooves less sclerotised; vulva as fig.

Xysticus macedonicus Silhavy, 1944

male

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001b)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001b)
Further taxa

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cp

1. Xysticus abditus Logunov, 2006

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Logunov 2006)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Logunov 2006)

world

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cp

2. Xysticus abramovi Marusik & Logunov, 1995

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Demir et al. 2010)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Demir et al. 2010)
speciesimage
male Habitus
(Demir et al. 2010)
speciesimage
female Epigyne, ventral view
(Demir et al. 2010)
speciesimage
female Epigyne, ventral view
(Demir et al. 2010)
speciesimage
female Vulva, dorsal view
(Demir et al. 2010)
speciesimage
female Habitus
(Demir et al. 2010)

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add

cp

3. Xysticus albomaculatus Kulczyński, 1891

speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)

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cp

4. Xysticus apricus L. Koch, 1876

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)

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cp

5. Xysticus bacurianensis Mcheidze, 1971

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Logunov & Demir 2006)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Logunov & Demir 2006)
speciesimage
male Embolus, dorsal view
(Logunov & Demir 2006)
speciesimage
male Tibial apophysis, lateral view
(Logunov & Demir 2006)
speciesimage
female Epigyne, ventral view
(Logunov & Demir 2006)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Logunov & Demir 2006)

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cp

6. Xysticus bliteus (Simon, 1875)

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Simon 1932)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Levy 1985)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Levy 1985)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Simon 1932)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Levy 1985)
speciesimage
female Vulva, dorsal view
(Levy 1985)

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cp

7. Xysticus brevidentatus Wunderlich, 1995

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2003)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2003)
speciesimage
male Embolus
(Jantscher 2003)
speciesimage
male Tip of embolus
(Jantscher 2003)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2003)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2003)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2003)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2003)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2003)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2003)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2003)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2003)

world

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cp

8. Xysticus bufo (Dufour, 1820)

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ledoux unpupl.)

world

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cp

9. Xysticus caperatus Simon, 1875

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Simon 1932)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Simon 1932)

world

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cp

10. Xysticus chippewa Gertsch, 1953

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Dondale et al. 2006)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Dondale et al. 2006)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Dondale et al. 2006)
speciesimage
male Tegular apophysis
(Dondale et al. 2006)
speciesimage
female Epigyne, ventral view
(Dondale et al. 2006)
speciesimage
female Vulva, dorsal view
(Dondale et al. 2006)

world

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cp

11. Xysticus cor Canestrini, 1873

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Thaler & Noflatscher 1990)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini unpubl.)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Thaler & Noflatscher 1990)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Thaler & Noflatscher 1990)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Thaler & Noflatscher 1990)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)

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cp

12. Xysticus corsicus Simon, 1875

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Simon 1932)

world

add

cp

13. Xysticus cribratus Simon, 1885

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Simon 1932)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Simon 1932)

world

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cp

14. Xysticus desidiosus Simon, 1875

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)

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cp

15. Xysticus embriki Kolosvary, 1935

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, lateral view
(Hepner et al. 2011)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Hepner et al. 2011)

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add

cp

16. Xysticus ferrugineus Menge, 1876

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini 2000)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1998)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Pesarini 2000)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)

world

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cp

17. Xysticus gallicus Simon, 1875

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini 2000)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ledoux unpupl.)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Pesarini 2000)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Ledoux unpupl.)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Ledoux unpupl.)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)

world

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cp

18. Xysticus grallator Simon, 1932

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Urones et al. 1983)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Urones et al. 1983)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Urones et al. 1983)
speciesimage
Prosoma
(Urones et al. 1983)
speciesimage
Prosoma
(Urones et al. 1983)
speciesimage
Prosoma
(Urones et al. 1983)
speciesimage
Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Urones et al. 1983)

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cp

19. Xysticus ibex Simon, 1875

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Urones 1985)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Urones 1985)
speciesimage
male Habitus
(Urones 1985)

world

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cp

20. Xysticus laetus Thorell, 1875

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Logunov 2006)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Logunov 2006)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Logunov 2006)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Logunov 2006)

world

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cp

21. Xysticus lanio alpinus Kulczyński, 1887

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)

world

add

cp

22. Xysticus marmoratus Thorell, 1875

speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)

world

add

cp

23. Xysticus nubilus Simon, 1875

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Simon 1932)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Simon 1932)

world

add

cp

24. Xysticus ovatus Simon, 1876

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Simon 1932)

world

add

cp

25. Xysticus parallelus Simon, 1873

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Simon 1932)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Simon 1932)

world

add

cp

26. Xysticus semicarinatus Simon, 1932

speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Simon 1932)
speciesimage
female Habitus
(Urones & Gomez 1985)

world

add

cp

27. Xysticus tenebrosus Silhavy, 1944

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Deltshev et al. 2004)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Deltshev et al. 2004)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Deltshev et al. 2004)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Deltshev et al. 2004)

world

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cp

28. Xysticus thessalicus Simon, 1916

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Lecigne 2011)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2011)
speciesimage
female Epigyne, ventral view
(Azarkina & Logunov 2001)
speciesimage
female Vulva, dorsal view
(Azarkina & Logunov 2001)

world

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cp

29. Xysticus tortuosus Simon, 1932

speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini 2000)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
male Pedipalp
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Pesarini 2000)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Epigyne
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Jantscher 2001a)

world

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cp

30. Xysticus ulkan Marusik & Logunov, 1990

speciesimage
-- Caption missing --
(Esyunin et al. 2007)
speciesimage
-- Caption missing --
(Esyunin et al. 2007)

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cp

31. Xysticus xerodermus Strand, 1913

speciesimage
female Epigyne, ventral view
(Logunov & Demir 2006)
speciesimage
female Epigyne, ventral view
(Logunov & Demir 2006)
speciesimage
female Vulva
(Logunov & Demir 2006)
32. Xysticus acerbus obscurior Kulczyński, 1895 distribution
33. Xysticus adzharicus Mcheidze, 1971 distribution
34. Xysticus albidus Grese, 1909 distribution
35. Xysticus alpicola Kulczyński, 1882 distribution
36. Xysticus arenarius Thorell, 1875 distribution
37. Xysticus arenicola Simon, 1875 distribution
38. Xysticus atevs Ovtsharenko, 1979 distribution
39. Xysticus audax massanicus Simon, 1932 distribution
40. Xysticus bicolor L. Koch, 1867 distribution
41. Xysticus boesenbergi Charitonov, 1928 distribution
42. Xysticus britcheri Gertsch, 1934 distribution
43. Xysticus canadensis Gertsch, 1934 distribution
44. Xysticus caspicus Utochkin, 1968 distribution
45. Xysticus caucasius L. Koch, 1878 distribution
46. Xysticus charitonowi Mcheidze, 1971 distribution
47. Xysticus demirsoyi Demir, Topçu & Türkes, 2006 distribution
48. Xysticus diversus (Blackwall, 1870) distribution
49. Xysticus doriai (Dalmas, 1922) distribution
50. Xysticus emertoni Keyserling, 1880 distribution
51. Xysticus ferus O. P.-Cambridge, 1876 distribution
52. Xysticus fienae (Jocqué, 1993) distribution
53. Xysticus gortanii Caporiacco, 1922 distribution
54. Xysticus graecus C. L. Koch, 1837 distribution
55. Xysticus gymnocephalus Strand, 1915 distribution
56. Xysticus ibex dalmasi Simon, 1932 distribution
57. Xysticus idolothytus Logunov, 1995 distribution
58. Xysticus kalandadzei Mcheidze & Utochkin, 1971 distribution
59. Xysticus kempeleni nigriceps Simon, 1932 distribution
60. Xysticus kulczynskii Wierzbicki, 1902 distribution
61. Xysticus labradorensis Keyserling, 1887 distribution
62. Xysticus lalandei (Audouin, 1826) distribution
63. Xysticus lendli Kulczyński, 1897 distribution
64. Xysticus loeffleri Roewer, 1955 distribution
65. Xysticus nataliae Utochkin, 1968 distribution
66. Xysticus nigrotrivittatus (Simon, 1870) distribution
67. Xysticus ninnii fusciventris Crome, 1965 distribution
68. Xysticus obesus Thorell, 1875 distribution
69. Xysticus paniscus L. Koch, 1875 distribution
70. Xysticus pseudolanio Wunderlich, 1995 distribution
71. Xysticus pseudorectilineus (Wunderlich, 1995) distribution
72. Xysticus rectilineus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) distribution
73. Xysticus robustus strandianus Ermolajev, 1937 distribution
74. Xysticus sabulosus occidentalis Kulczyński, 1916 distribution
75. Xysticus sardiniensis (Wunderlich, 1995) distribution
76. Xysticus siciliensis Wunderlich, 1995 distribution
77. Xysticus sjostedti Schenkel, 1936 distribution
78. Xysticus slovacus Svaton, Pekar & Pridavka, 2000 distribution
79. Xysticus soderbomi Schenkel, 1936 distribution
80. Xysticus spasskyi Utochkin, 1968 distribution
81. Xysticus strandi Kolosvary, 1934 distribution
82. Xysticus tenebrosus ohridensis Silhavy, 1944 distribution
83. Xysticus thessalicoides Wunderlich, 1995 distribution
84. Xysticus tristrami (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) distribution
85. Xysticus ukrainicus Utochkin, 1968 distribution