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1
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Body length of males: 4-5 mm, females: 5-6 mm; opisthosoma wider than long 2 |
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Body length mostly greater than 10 mm; opisthosoma longer than wide 3 |
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2
(1)
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Opisthosoma approx. as long as wide, deep red-brown; sternum uniformly brown, darker than coxa; opisthosoma anteriorly with characteristic dark brown spots, posterior to them sometimes an indistinct folium; median apophysis of male pedipalp distally with 3 short equidistant tips; scapus of epigyne longish distally Araneus sturmi (Hahn, 1831)
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  Pedipalp, ventral view (Weiss 1988) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1931) |
 Pedipalp (Roberts 1995) |
 Pedipalp (Loksa 1972) |
 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1931) |
 Tegular apophysis (Loksa 1972) |
 Tegular apophysis (Loksa 1972) |
  Epigyne (Aakra unpubl.) |
 Epigyne, posterior view (Aakra unpubl.) |
 Epigyne, ventral view (Aakra unpubl.) |
 Epigyne, posterior view (Aakra 2000a) |
 Epigyne, posterior view (Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1931) |
 Epigyne (Loksa 1972) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Habitus (Loksa 1972) |
 Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
 Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953) |
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Opisthosoma slightly wider than long, light brown; sternum as bright as coxa; colouration very variable, very similar to sturmi, but mostly brighter, the dark spots on anterior margin of opisthosoma and the folium almost always lacking; median apophysis of male pedipalp distally with 3 long tips, two of them closer together; scapus of epigyne very broad distally Araneus triguttatus (Fabricius, 1793)
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 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1931) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Wiehle 1931) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Wiehle 1931) |
 Pedipalp (Roberts 1995) |
 Median apophysis (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Tegular apophysis (Loksa 1972) |
 Epigyne, posterior view (Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Loksa 1972) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Habitus (Loksa 1972) |
 Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
 Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953) |
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3
(1) |
Dorsal surface of opisthosoma anteriorly with well-defined tubercles 4 |
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Opisthosoma without tubercles, at most appearing angular anteriorly 8 |
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4
(3)
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Body length of male 7.5 mm, female 8.5-9.0 mm; male pedipalp as fig.; epigyne with broad, strongly wrinkled scapus Araneus nordmanni (Thorell, 1870)
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 Pedipalp (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Aakra unpubl.) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1931) |
 Habitus (Aakra unpubl.) |
 Habitus
(Wiehle 1931) |
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Body length greater or equal 10 mm 5 |
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5
(4) |
Sternum dark brown with yellow longitudinal spot 6 |
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Sternum yellowish without longitudinal spot 7 |
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6
(5)
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Male tibia II with long and stout spines; distal spines on distinct tubercles; distal apophysis of male pedipalp wing-like broadened; median part of epigyne narrowly slit-like below scapus Araneus circe (Audouin, 1826)
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 Pedipalp, ventral view (Wiehle 1931) |
 Embolic division (Thaler 1991a) |
 Palpal apophysis (Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
 Palpal apophysis (Loksa 1972) |
 Tibia II (Wiehle 1931) |
 Epigyne, scapus lifted (Wiehle 1931) |
 Epigyne (Loksa 1972) |
 Epigyne (Loksa 1972) |
 Habitus (Loksa 1972) |
 Tibia
(Loksa 1972) |
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Male tibia II with short spines; distal spine not on tubercle; distal apophysis of male pedipalp pointed; median part of epigyne oval to egg-shaped beneath scapus Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1757
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 Pedipalp, ventral view (Azheganova 1968) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Roberts 1995) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Loksa 1972) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Bulbus (Wiehle 1931) |
 Embolic division (Thaler 1991a) |
 Tegular apophysis (Loksa 1972) |
 Tibia II (Wiehle 1931) |
 Epigyne, scapus lifted (Wiehle 1931) |
 Epigyne (Azheganova 1968) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1931) |
 Epigyne (Loksa 1972) |
 Epigyne (Loksa 1972) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Habitus (Loksa 1972) |
 Tibia
(Loksa 1972) |
 Habitus
(Wiehle 1931) |
 Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953) |
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7
(5)
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Sternum yellowish brown with dark margin; body length of males 11 mm, females 15-23 mm; opisthosoma highly bulged, light brown, tubercles yellowish, dark brown patter as fig.; male pedipalp and epigyne as figs. Araneus grossus (C. L. Koch, 1844)
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 Pedipalp, ventral view (Loksa 1972) |
 Pedipalp (Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
 Embolic division (Thaler 1991a) |
 Tegular apophysis (Loksa 1972) |
 Epigyne (Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
 Epigyne (Loksa 1972) |
 Epigyne (Loksa 1972) |
 Habitus (Loksa 1972) |
 Tibia
(Loksa 1972) |
 Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
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Sternum uniformly red-brown; body length of males 11 mm, females 16 mm; opisthosoma grey-brown, anteriorly with yellowish white longitudinal stripe which continues as a row of dots posteriorly, near folium with dark transverse stripes; male pedipalp and epigyne as figs. Araneus saevus (L. Koch, 1872)
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 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1931) |
 Pedipalp (Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
 Epigyne (Aakra unpubl.) |
 Epigyne (Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
 Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Aakra unpubl.) |
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8
(3)
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Largest width of opisthosoma in anterior third, appearing angular anteriorly, dorsally with cross-shaped, white pattern; male pedipalp and epigyne as figs. Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757
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 Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Azheganova 1968) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Roberts 1995) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Wiehle 1931) |
 Pedipalp (Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1931) |
 Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Tegular apophysis (Loksa 1972) |
 Tegular apophysis (Loksa 1972) |
 Palpal apophysis (Loksa 1969) |
 Epigyne (Azheganova 1968) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1931) |
 Epigyne (Loksa 1972) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Habitus (Loksa 1972) |
 Coxae I and II
(Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Habitus
(Azheganova 1968) |
 Habitus
(Wiehle 1931) |
 Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953) |
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Largest width of opisthosoma approximately in the middle 9 |
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9
(8)
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Opisthosoma bright orange with small white spots; male pedipalp and epigyne as figs. Araneus alsine (Walckenaer, 1802)
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 Pedipalp, ventral view (Roberts 1995) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Wiehle 1931) |
 Pedipalp (Azheganova 1968) |
 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1931) |
 Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Tegular apophysis (Loksa 1972) |
 Palpal apophysis (Loksa 1972) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1931) |
 Epigyne (Loksa 1972) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Vulva (Azheganova 1968) |
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Opisthosoma very variable in colour, dorsally in anterior half with 4 large white spots 10 |
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10
(9)
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Median apophysis of male pedipalp bluntly rounded distally; scapus of epigyne parallel-sided; opisthosoma yellowish white to yellow to reddish brown with characteristic pattern (the opisthosoma is light yellow with fine black lines and a dark brown to black folium in the colour-type described as betulae) Araneus marmoreus Clerck, 1757
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 Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Azheganova 1968) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Wiehle 1931) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Wiehle 1931) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Pedipalp (Roberts 1995) |
 Tegular apophysis (Loksa 1972) |
 Palpal apophysis (Loksa 1972) |
 Tibia II (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Epigyne (Azheganova 1968) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1931) |
 Epigyne (Loksa 1972) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Habitus (Loksa 1972) |
 Habitus (Loksa 1972) |
 Coxae I and II
(Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Habitus
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
 Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953) |
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Median apophysis of male pedipalp deeply forked distally; scapus of epigyne strongly broadened basally; base colour of opisthosoma varying from almost white via greenish yellow to luscious red-brown, but always with 4 large white spots Araneus quadratus Clerck, 1757
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 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1931) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Azheganova 1968) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Roberts 1995) |
 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1931) |
 Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Tegular apophysis (Loksa 1972) |
 Palpal apophysis (Loksa 1972) |
 Epigyne (Azheganova 1968) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1931) |
 Epigyne (Loksa 1972) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Habitus (Loksa 1972) |
 Opisthosoma, dorsal view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
 Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953) |
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| 1. Araneus corticaloides (Roewer, 1955) |
 Epigyne, ventral view (Jäger unpubl.) |
 Vulva, dorsal view (Jäger unpubl.) |
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| 2. Araneus pallidus (Olivier, 1789) |
 Epigyne (Simon 1929) |
 Vulva (Simon 1929) |
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