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1
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Median longitudinal band on opisthosoma with large, uniform spikes, almost white, grey or red 2 |
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Median longitudinal band on opisthosoma different 4 |
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2
(1)
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Median longitudinal band of opisthosoma almost white, with brown or black margin; male pedipalp with bipartite conductor; epigyne difficult to recognise Simitidion simile (C. L. Koch, 1836)
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  Pedipalp (Wiehle 1937) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Pedipalp (Roberts 1995) |
  Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Vulva (Wiehle 1937) |
 Habitus
(Wiehle 1937) |
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| - |
Prosoma red with white margin 3 |
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3
(2)
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Opisthosoma and male pedipalp as figs.; epigyne ± rectangular; prosoma yellowish with brown margin and median stripe; opisthosoma next to dorsal longitudinal band with fine white and brown points, ventrally spotted with white, with dark spot anterior to spinnerets Theridion pictum (Walckenaer, 1802)
|
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Knoflach 1998) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Wiehle 1937) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1937) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1937) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Vulva (Bosmans et al. 1994) |
 Vulva (Wiehle 1937) |
 Vulva (Knoflach 1998) |
 Habitus
(Wiehle 1937) |
 Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953) |
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| -
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Pedipalp with conspicuous median apophysis and terminal hook on conductor; epigyne with very small central opening; prosoma light yellow with dark median stripe; opisthosoma with whitish pattern, margined with grey Theridion hemerobium Simon, 1914
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 Pedipalp (Bosmans et al. 1994) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Bosmans et al. 1994) |
 Pedipalp (Bosmans et al. 1994) |
 Epigyne (Bosmans et al. 1994) |
 Vulva (Bosmans et al. 1994) |
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4
(1) |
Opisthosoma on both sides of light median band with a row of large, rectangular, dark spots as fig. 5 |
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Opisthosoma dorsally different; spots irregularly arranged 6 |
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5
(4)
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Conductor large, shovel-shaped; epigynal groove wider than long; prosoma reddish yellow with broad brown-black margin and median stripe; opisthosoma yellowish, dorsally with dark brown pattern consisting of spots Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881)
|
 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1937) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Roberts 1995) |
 Pedipalp (Azheganova 1968) |
 Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1937) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Vulva (Wiehle 1937) |
 Habitus
(Wiehle 1937) |
| | | |
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| -
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Conductor short, distally truncated; epigynal groove approx. as long as wide Phylloneta sisyphia (Clerck, 1757)
|
 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1937) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Roberts 1995) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1937) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Vulva (Wiehle 1937) |
 Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953) |
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6
(4) |
Opisthosoma dorsally in anterior third with dark pattern, numerous light spots on dark background or completely white, never a continuous median band 7 |
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| - |
Opisthosoma dorsally with continuous light median band as fig. 10 |
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7
(6)
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Dark spot on anterior third of opisthosoma longer than wide or opisthosoma completely white; male pedipalp with long, bent tibia; epigyne very small, black, bipartite Heterotheridion nigrovariegatum (Simon, 1873)
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 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1937) |
 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1937) |
 Pedipalp (Jäger et al. 2000) |
 Pedipalp (Pesarini unpubl.) |
 Tip of embolus (Jäger et al. 2000) |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1937) |
 Epigyne (Pesarini unpubl.) |
 Vulva (Wiehle 1937) |
 Vulva (Jäger et al. 2000) |
 Habitus
(Wiehle 1937) |
 Habitus
(Wiehle 1937) |
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| - |
Dark spot in anterior third of opisthosoma wider than long or bipartite or with irregular pattern; male pedipalp and epigyne different 8 |
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8
(7)
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Opisthosoma with irregular pattern consisting of light spots, posteriorly with tubercle, ventrally black with 3 white spots; male pedipalp, epigyne and vulva as figs.; prosoma brown, dark margined Achaeridion conigerum (Simon, 1914)
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 Pedipalp (Heimer 1980) |
 Pedipalp (Knoflach 1993a) |
 Pedipalp (Knoflach 1993a) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Heimer 1980) |
 Habitus, lateral view (Knoflach 1993a) |
 Epigyne (Knoflach 1993a) |
 Vulva (Knoflach 1993a) |
 Habitus
(Heimer 1980) |
 Habitus
(Knoflach 1993a) |
 Habitus, lateral view
(Kupryjanowicz 1997a) |
| |
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| - |
Different 9 |
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9
(8)
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Dark spot in anterior third large (sometimes extended over whole dorsal side) and with convex anterior margin; embolus very long, forming a large loop; epigynal groove longer than wide; prosoma yellow, head region and margin darkened Sardinidion blackwalli (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
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 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1937) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Roberts 1995) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1937) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Vulva (Wiehle 1937) |
 Habitus
(Wiehle 1937) |
 Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953) |
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| -
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Dark spot in anterior third of opisthosoma often bipartite and with concave anterior margin; male pedipalp, epigyne and vulva as fig.; prosoma whitish yellow with fine black margin and broad, black median stripe; opisthosoma whitish yellow with fine grey or brown spots and variable pattern Platnickina tincta (Walckenaer, 1802)
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 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1937) |
 Pedipalp (Roberts 1995) |
 Pedipalp (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1937) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Vulva (Wiehle 1937) |
 Habitus
(Wiehle 1937) |
 Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953) |
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10
(6)
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Light median band of opisthosoma widest in the middle, bordered by irregular black spots; male pedipalp, epigyne and vulva as fig. Theridion familiare O. P.-Cambridge, 1871
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 Pedipalp, ventral view (Roberts 1995) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Wiehle 1937) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Vulva (Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
 Vulva (Wiehle 1937) |
 Vulva (Hansen 1992) |
 Habitus
(Wiehle 1937) |
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| - |
Light median band of opisthosoma ± of the same width along its whole length with ± regularly bulged margin 11 |
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11
(10) |
Conductor as wide as long, distally simple; epigynal groove as wide as long, approx. circular 12 |
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| - |
Conductor distally with complex processes; epigyne different, not circular 15 |
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12
(11)
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Bulbus with large, projecting, bipartite apophysis; epigynal groove posteriorly dark margined, anteriorly with small bulge; opisthosoma with light, laterally bulged median band, dark margined Theridion varians Hahn, 1833
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 Pedipalp (Azheganova 1968) |
 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1937) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Knoflach 1998) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Pedipalp (Roberts 1995) |
 Opisthosoma, lateral view (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1937) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Vulva (Wiehle 1937) |
 Vulva (Knoflach 1998) |
 Prosoma, lateral view
(Knoflach 1998) |
 Prosoma, frontal view
(Knoflach 1998) |
 Prosoma, dorsal view
(Knoflach 1998) |
 Sternum
(Knoflach 1998) |
 Habitus
(Wiehle 1937) |
 Habitus
(Jäger & Ono 2000) |
 Habitus
(Jäger 1995a) |
 Habitus
(Jäger 1995a) |
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Bulbus and epigyne different 13 |
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13
(12)
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Conductor narrow, ± bent rectangularly; epigynal groove shallow; copulatory opening distinctly visible; opisthosoma dorsally with longitudinal band as fig. Theridion betteni Wiehle, 1960
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 Pedipalp, ventral view (Roberts 1995) |
Pedipalp, ventral view (Roberts 1995) |
 Pedipalp (Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Vulva (Thaler 1966) |
 Habitus
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
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| - |
Conductor broader; copulatory opening covered 14 |
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14
(13)
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Conductor ± circular; epigynal groove posteriorly bulged; entrance ducts forming a double loop Theridion melanurum Hahn, 1831
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 Pedipalp, ventral view (Roberts 1995) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Wiehle 1937) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Locket et al. 1974) |
 Embolus and conductor (Locket et al. 1974) |
 Epigyne (Aakra 2000a) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Vulva (Aakra 2000a) |
 Vulva (Thaler 1966) |
 Vulva (Wiehle 1937) |
 Vulva (Locket et al. 1974) |
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| -
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Conductor laterally with small, projecting tip; epigynal groove not bulged posteriorly; entrance ducts in numerous narrow loops Theridion mystaceum L. Koch, 1870
|
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Roberts 1995) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Locket et al. 1974) |
 Embolus and conductor (Locket et al. 1974) |
 Epigyne (Aakra 2000a) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Locket & Millidge 1953) |
 Vulva (Aakra 2000a) |
 Vulva (Heimer & Nentwig 1991) |
 Vulva (Locket et al. 1974) |
 Habitus
(Locket & Millidge 1953) |
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15
(11)
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Body length approx. 2 mm; conductor distally with 2 long tips; epigynal groove distinctly bulged anteriorly; entrance ducts long and complexly bent Theridion boesenbergi Strand, 1904
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 Pedipalp, ventral view (Wiehle 1937) |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1937) |
 Vulva (Thaler 1966) |
 Habitus
(Wiehle 1937) |
| |
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| - |
Body length greater than or equal 2.5 mm; conductor and epigyne different 16 |
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16
(15)
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Conductor with a single tip; epigynal groove concave posteriorly Theridion pinastri L. Koch, 1872
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 Pedipalp (Knoflach 1998) |
 Pedipalp (Aakra 2000a) |
 Pedipalp (Roberts 1995) |
 Pedipalp (Roberts 1995) |
 Pedipalp (Wiehle 1937) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1995) |
 Vulva (Wiehle 1937) |
 Vulva (Knoflach 1998) |
 Habitus
(Wiehle 1937) |
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| -
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Tip of conductor bipartite; posterior margin of epigynal groove straight or slightly convex; entrance ducts with double loop Theridion petraeum L. Koch, 1872
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 Pedipalp, ventral view (Knoflach 1998) |
 Vulva (Knoflach 1998) |
 Vulva (Bosmans et al. 1994) |
 Habitus
(Wiehle 1937) |
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| 1. Theridion adrianopoli Drensky, 1915 |
 Pedipalp (Brignoli 1984a) |
 Pedipalp (Brignoli 1984a) |
 Vulva, ventral view (Brignoli 1984a) |
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| 2. Theridion carpathium Brignoli, 1984 |
 Vulva, ventral view (Brignoli 1984a) |
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| 3. Theridion cinereum Thorell, 1875 |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Knoflach 1998) |
 Pedipalp (Thaler 1966) |
 Vulva (Knoflach 1998) |
 Vulva (Thaler 1966) |
 Vulva, ventral view (Brignoli 1984a) |
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| 4. Theridion corcyraeum Brignoli, 1984 |
 Vulva, ventral view (Brignoli 1984a) |
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| 5. Theridion genistae Simon, 1873 |
 Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Pedipalp, prolateral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Pedipalp (Brignoli 1967c) |
 Epigyne/vulva, ventral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Epigyne (Brignoli 1967c) |
 Vulva, dorsal view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Vulva (Brignoli 1967c) |
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| 6. Theridion glaucinum Simon, 1881 |
 Epigyne/vulva, ventral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Vulva, dorsal view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
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| 7. Theridion hannoniae Denis, 1944 |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Bosmans et al. 1994) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Thaler & Noflatscher 1990) |
 Pedipalp (Bosmans et al. 1994) |
 Pedipalp (Roberts 1998) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Pedipalp, prolateral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Pedipalp, retrolateral-ventral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Epigyne (Jäger & Ono 2000) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1998) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1998) |
 Epigyne (Bosmans et al. 1994) |
 Epigyne/vulva, ventral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Epigyne/vulva, ventral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Vulva (Bosmans et al. 1994) |
 Vulva (Bosmans et al. 1994) |
 Vulva (Jäger & Ono 2000) |
 Vulva, dorsal view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Habitus
(Jäger & Ono 2000) |
 Habitus, lateral/ventral view
(Jäger & Ono 2000) |
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| 8. Theridion melanostictum O. P.-Cambridge, 1876 |
 Pedipalp (Knoflach 1998) |
 Pedipalp, prolateral view (Levy & Amitai 1982a) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Levy & Amitai 1982a) |
 Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Levy & Amitai 1982a) |
 Epigyne (Levy & Amitai 1982a) |
 Epigyne, variation (Levy & Amitai 1982a) |
 Vulva (Knoflach 1998) |
 Vulva, dorsal view (Levy & Amitai 1982a) |
|
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| 9. Theridion nasutum Wunderlich, 1995 |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Wunderlich 1995a) |
 Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Wunderlich 1995a) |
 Embolus and conductor (Wunderlich 1995a) |
 Prosoma, lateral view (Wunderlich 1995a) |
 Ocular area (Wunderlich 1995a) |
 Epigyne (Wunderlich 1995a) |
 Vulva, dorsal view (Wunderlich 1995a) |
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| 10. Theridion negebense Levy & Amitai, 1982 |
 Pedipalp, prolateral view (Levy 1998c) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Levy 1998c) |
 Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Levy 1998c) |
 Epigyne, ventral view (Levy 1998c) |
 Vulva, dorsal view (Levy 1998c) |
 Vulva, variation, dorsal view (Levy 1998c) |
 Vulva, variation, dorsal view (Levy 1998c) |
 Opisthosoma, dorsal view (Levy 1998c) |
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| 11. Theridion palmgreni Marusik & Cellarius, 1986 |
 Epigyne (Blick et al. 2006) |
 Vulva (Blick et al. 2006) |
 Habitus (Blick et al. 2006) |
| |
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| 12. Theridion pinicola Simon, 1873 |
 Pedipalp, retrolateral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Pedipalp, prolateral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Epigyne/vulva, ventral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Epigyne/vulva, ventral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Vulva, dorsal view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Vulva, dorsal view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
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| 13. Theridion pyrenaeum Denis, 1944 |
 Pedipalp, ventral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Pedipalp, prolateral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Epigyne/vulva, ventral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Epigyne/vulva, ventral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Vulva, dorsal view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
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| 14. Theridion semitinctum Simon, 1914 |
 Epigyne/vulva, ventral view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
 Vulva, dorsal view (Knoflach et al. 2009) |
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| 15. Theridion uhligi Martin, 1974 |
 Pedipalp (Jocqué 1977) |
 Pedipalp (Roberts 1998) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1998) |
 Epigyne (Roberts 1998) |
 Epigyne (Jocqué 1977) |
 Epigyne, lateral view (Jocqué 1977) |
 Vulva (Jocqué 1977) |
 Habitus
(Jocqué 1977) |
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| 16. Theridion wiehlei Schenkel, 1938 |
 Epigyne (Wiehle 1937) |
 Vulva (Wiehle 1937) |
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