Family: Araneidae Simon, 1895 | key
Genus: Nuctenea Simon, 1864 | key
    Taxonomy
    WSC: Family ext
    WSC: Species ext
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    caucasus-spiders.info ext

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    Nuctenea umbratica (Clerck, 1757)      [urn:lsid:amnh.org:spidersp:016784]
    Description
    Male palp with median apophysis ending pointed. Epigyne with spoon-shaped scapus. Prosoma reddish dark brown. Opisthosoma extremely flat and uniformly reddish dark brown to almost black. Dark folium margined by narrow, yellowish line. Sides only slightly brighter than folium, mostly reddish brown.

    Body length male: 7.5 mm, Body length female: 14-16 mm

    Additional information
    very often on trees and buildings in narrow crevices
    Distribution
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    Global distribution (Platnick 2013): Europe to Azerbaijan

    Phenology

    JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
    male female
    Figures

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    References

    Bayram A, Kunt K B, Danýþman T (2012) The Checklist of the Spiders of Turkey. Version 2012.1 Online at http://www.spidersofturkey.com

    Locket G H, Millidge A F (1953) British Spiders 2. Ray Soc London

    Loksa I (1972) Pokok II-Araneae II. Fauna Hungariae 109: 3.1-3.112.

    Otto S, Tramp S (2011) Caucasian Spiders – A faunistic Database on the Spiders of the Caucasus (Version 2.0 Beta).
    Internet: db.caucasus-spiders.info/Area/152 (July 2011)

    Platnick N I (2013) The world spider catalog, version 13.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog. DOI: 10.5531/db.iz.0001

    Roberts M J (1995) Spiders of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins Field Guide Bath

    van Helsdingen P J (2010) Araneae. In: Fauna Europaea Database (Version 2010.1), online at www.european-arachnology.org

    Wiehle H (1931) Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea, VI. 27: Familie Araneidae. Tierwelt Deutschlands 23.